Machine for forming porcelain ware.



E. M. HEWLETT.

MACHINE FOR FORMING PORCELAIN WARE.

' Patented July 18, 1916.

a N E 5 "ATTY;

E. IIEWLETT. MACHINE FOR FORMING PORCELAIN WARE.

APPLICATION FILED MAR; 9, I908. I 119L595 Patented July 18, 1916.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

. L 1 I g l i I WITNEL'ZISEZL I "INVENTUR DWA UP'LHEWLETT.

' ATTYC E. MfHEWLETT.

MACHINE FOR FORMING PORCELAIN WARE.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 9, I908- PatentedJuly 18, 1916.

a sums-sum 3 Fl c115.

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nl|lnul w w w T D srArEnT 1 EDWARD M. HEWLETT, or scnnnnc'ranr, NEW 'ronnjhssrenon r Gunman i ELECTRIC (lOliIPAIbl'Y, A CORPQRATION OF NEW YORK.

MACHINE FOR FORMING PORCELAIN WARE. Specification of Letters la'tent. P t t July 191 a Application filedliar ch 9, 190's. Serial in. 419,925. I To all whom it may concern: 7 spective views of the turret, fplaten and Be it known that I, EDWAR M. HEWLETT, Way-plate, respectively; Figs. 6, 7, 8, 9, 1O 55 La citizen of the United States, residing at, andll show in'plan the relative positions of' Schenectady, county of Schenectady State the holder and platen during the successive '5 of New York, have invented certaintnew and stages. in formingasingle segmental hole; useful Improvementsin Ma chines for Form Fig. 12 is ,afdiagonalsection of the work}, ing Porcelain Ware, of whichthe'fgllowing holdertaken on line ,12-12'of Fig. 2 ;Fig. 60 is avspecificationl 57" 13 is an, enlarged end view 'of the drillin The p: csent invention relatestto porcelain, action, thematerialon which it is operating forming machines, and more especially, to being in Section; Fig. 142 is a similar view on machines for drilling sinuous or non-recti a smaller scale; and Fig. is a side view linear holes in green porcelain ware, corresponding to Fig. 14. I q The olojectof theinvention Hells-provide a he machine is shown mounted on a bench simple and efficient device which 'may be op- 1 plate 1 whie may be of cast iron of uniform 15 erated by an unskilled laborer to drill sinthickness and secured in any desired manner 'uous or curvilinear'holesor cavities in pore I to a Work bench. To the bench plate 1 is atcelain ware while in the-unbaked or greentached the Way-plate 2 by means of'bolts3 70 t t passing through lugs 4 near the corners In carrying out my invention, I provide thereof. The way-plate isin the formof an a holder for the green porcelain article in open frame having on its upper surface two which the article is definitely positioned parallelwaysn, a fixed stop 6 and a pivoted with relation to the operative parts of the stop 7 intermediate the ways 5. On the 75 machine and also protected fIOmQfElCCidGIititl lowerside of the plate are bearings 8 for the injuries. The holder is supported en agtnr reception of ashaft 9 which carries an ac ret journaled in a'rcciprocating platenfindfituating leVerlO and arms 11 by which the a drill is mounted in bearlngs adjacent the; platen maybe reciprocated transversel I of platen and positioned in aplane including the nachine. The platen 12 is in the orm.80 the axis of the porcelain piece operatedupon, of a' rectangular platewith a de'pending pe so that upon-oscillating. the turret on its ripher aliiiange 13 which serves to houseands axis, which is at right angles to the axisof inclose thewaysfi On the under side of the the porcelain ware, the drill will bore a, platen art-transverse projections 14: grooved segmental hole therein and then withdrawto engagejtthe waysii. At the center of the 85 Eng, the drill and rotating'the holder through plate is a cylindricalgsleevebearing 15 exli", again oscillating the turret, asecond tending downwardly therefrom, and concen segmental hole will be drilled meeting the tric withsaid bearing isa ring projection 16 first hole, the two holes so drilled thus fornr" on the upper surface and a central thrust ing a. continuous sinuous'hole' By revers- 'surface1 7. Between the ring .projectionlti 90 ing the holder side for side a second sinuous and the central bearing surface 17 are Y hole may be formed from the opposite side formed two segm ental'apertures 1 8 through of the porcelain 'ware which Wlll interlink which the-stops G'and 70f the Way-plate with the hole first formed and leave a solid project. A segmental stop projection 19 is --wall of porcelain between two holes. also formed on the upper surface of the 95 For a more complete understanding of. platen to engage corresponding stops on the the invention, reference may bel'izid to the pivotal support or turret.

following detail description and .to'the ac- The turret consists of a circular disk 20- companying. drawings forming a part'flof, having adepending peripheral flange 21, a

this specification, in whichcentral pivot 22- and a concentric bearing 100 Figure l is a plan of the porcelain form-- surface 23 adapted to engage the hearing I ing machine with the article and the holder surface 17 of the platen. Between the pe a shown in section; Fig. 2 is a side elevation ripheral flange and the bearing surface are of the same with the turret? platen and waytwo stop projections 24 and 25. O'n'the upy plate shown in section taken as indicated by per surface 0 line 2-2 of Fig. 1; Figs. 3, 4 and 5 are perjections 26 having angleirons 27 secured to f the turret are two stop pro-[r c means for the work-holder.

oted a disk 43 of thin sheet steel.

their outer rear corners to serve as a holding V A. post 28 extends upwardly from the-turret and carries a clamping lever 29 at its upper end which he: rs against the work-l1older and holds it pressed against the angle irons 27.

' The work-holder consists of an open rec'- tangular frame 30 of metal, preferabl y aluminum, and having two of its corners filled and drilled at 31 to receive plungers 32 and 33 held yieldingly in place by springs 3-1. Attached to the rear side of the frame is a sheet metal pan shaped to lit the side of the porcelain ware and apertured at 36 to permit the drill to pass freely there through. On the front side of the frame 30 is a corresponding pan 37 hinged to plunger 33 and connected by a thumb screw 38 to plunger so that it may be opened to re ceire the porcelain wareand closed thereupon to yieldinglygrip it.

A hearing block 39 for the drill shaft 420 is secured to the bench plate 1 at the right of the way-plate. Ihe shaft {10 is provided with a clutch 11 for receiving the drill -12 and supporting it in the horizontal plane of the axis of the porcelain ware. The drill 12 consists of a plain shank or spindle provided at its end with a saw kcrf in which is piv- When the spindle rotates, this disk d3 rotates with it about its own diameter coincident with the axis of the spindle so as to serve as'a routing tool, thus operating effectively to remove parts of the llinty porcelain ware without disturbance of the body of the material. In Figs. 13, 14, and 15 I have indicated diagrammatically and with some exaggerw tion what seems to happen when a curvilinear hole or cavity is being made. t .Fig. 13 shows the drill lill'greatly en,- larged and with the disk 43 thicker in proportion to its diameter than would usually it could he looked at end-on through the material intowhich it is being forced and cutting its way,-the direhtion of rotation being clockwise as shown by the dotted ar row 50. Here the edge of the disk -13 is cutting alike at both sides of the-axis of the spindle, owing to the fact that the disk is:

being continually pushed into the material. confining the attention for the moment to the uppermost portion of the edge -and disregarding the fact that the disk 43 is free to rotate about its own pivotal axis in the end of the spindle,-it will be seen that the leading corner 51 of the edge isdoiug most of the cutting, but that (in consequence. of the drills being pushed into the material) the following corner I is also cutting. it will further be seen that the leading'corner 51 tends to wear round, somewhat as shown in.

dotted lines at 53, while the following corner 52 merely tends to become slightly obtuse apparent, therefore, that if the disk were instantaneously turned 180 about its own,

axis in the end of the spindle, sharp corners would at first be presented for the main cutting and the rounded following corners would in time be worn sharp again, and that conditions would be more or less improved by any turning of the disk less than 180. It can be easily understood, then, that if the disk were tlyps turned often enough, or were continuously revolve-d fast enough, its corners would never, at any rate, become very much rounded; also, that the thinner the disk the less the rounding would occur.

In Figs. 14: and 15, I have shown the disk cutting a curvilinear hole, indicating the movements of the parts by dotted arrows and the principal forces to which they are subject (other than those exerted on the disk by the rotating spindle itself) by full line arrows. From Fig. 14 (which is a view similar to Fig. 13) it will be seen that the resistance of the material being out to the portions of the disk 43 at opposite sides of the spindle axis is the samc,as is shown by the arrows 55 of equal lengtln-so that these forces balance; it will also beseen that these forces are perpendicular to the plane of the disk, so that even if not equal they could not cause the disk to turn on its axis in the end of the spindle. From Fi 15, which shows a mid-section through the curved hole, it will be seen that the disk is subject to two pairs of oppositeforces 56. 57 and 58, 5S tending to turn it about its axis in the end of the spindle. The opposite forces shown by the arrows 56 and 57 are those due to friction of the edge of the disk with the material as the disk is lot pushed into the latter; Owing to the curv:

ture of the disks path in the material, these forces will be unequal, as shown, and there will be' a relative turning of the disk and the spindle. The opposite forces 58, 58 are the centrifugal forces ou'thc halves of the disk at opposite sides. pf the spindle axis. Dis-regarding'initial imperfections of the drill, these forces are by themselves ineffective to turn the disk 43, not only because equal and opposite, but also, initially, because acting through the center of the disk. However, with use the disk 43 wears somewhat as indicated (with much exaggera tion) by the dotted line 59 in Fig. 15, so

that the centrifugal forces 58, 58 will act to one side of the center of the 'disk, as inand any slight concurrent turning of the disk (such as under the frictional forces 56,

57) renders the centrifugal forces 58,:58 unequal, and. the cumulatively increasing difference betweenfthem acts in-the same 'direction'asithe centrifugal forces" 56, 57

to'turn th disk. The turningaction of these variousforces is morefbr less supple-' mented.or: modified in consequence of the periodic Withdrawal of the drill 42 from the hole it has bored, of irregularities in the p rcelain, and of irregularities in the drill it: elf, etc. It willbe'seen, therefore, that in the actual operation ofthe' tool 42 any ally being terial or cyen susceptible of detection with point on a corner of the disk 43 is continu-- witho'ut rounding to any extent that is maout 'someyery delicate method of examina sharpening. This is of great importance in the curvilineancutting of green porcelain.

and the: like; for while'the particles of'such 'material are hard a'ndfiinty and are held firmlyenough to abrade the metal of the disk effectively, they have not sufiicient. co

hesion to stand the general widespreadv stress arising in an article'of the material from the operation of a dull tool. Under conditions of commercial manufacture, the

' result of .usingany tool that is not'selfsharpening is the disruption ofthe articles operated on; whereasfwith' aYself sharpening tool the stress is localized in a thin surface layer where the tool' is actually cutting and no such trouble arises.

'The operaf ion of the device is substantially as follo' vs: The holder with the porce- I j} lainpiece 44; is first ,clamped on the turret 1 ing the stop-24. The operator then draws A' thehand lever 10 towardhim so as to throw '50 in the position shownin Fig. 6 with the stop 24. ,in 7 engagement 7 with the projection 19 ofthe platen and is then rotated clockwise position shown in Fig. 7 until into the stopped .by the pivoted projection 7 engag the platen and the parts carried thereby into the-position shown in Fig. '8 'to remove the shoulder on the porcelain ware at the rear side of the drill. The forward movement of g the platen carries the sto 24 tothe outside of and clear of the pivo ed stop 7' so that the-turret is free for; further rotation until. etc 25 engages the stationary prhjection 6,,

1 as hown in Fig. 9 The hand lever 10 is then thrown back carrylng the platen into its originalposition, as shown in liig. 10,

and at the same time moving the stop 25 clear I -of the projection 6 permitting the turret to be furtherrotated into thQPOSitlOIl1OWI1- in Fig. 11. The turret is then rotated Ito the left or count-epclochwise, the stop being ,The porcelain piece is then automatically shifted from one side of the spindle axis to, the other, so as 'tobe first leadingand then following; and: 1 practice the edge of the disk 43 wears as defined in my claims.

ing a rotary tool adapted to guide said holder tool whose movement serves to determine allowed to pass'the pivoted stop? which is yieldingly held in place by the spring The holder is then removed from the turret by the operator and turned through an the opposite side of the porcelain piece.

removed from the holder and is ready to receive. the glaze as soon as the burs have been removed.

I do not wish to restrict myself to the particular form or l arran ement'of parts herein shown and describe parent that they maybe changed and modified without departing from since it is ap:

my invention What I claim as new and desire'tovs'ecure by Letters Patent of the United States, is

1. A inachine for forming curvilinear holes in unbaked porcelain. ware comprise adapted to automatically change its cutting edge and'be self-sharpening, a support for the Ware, and means for determining the curvilinear path of the tool in the'ware.

. 2. A machine for forming curvilinear holes in unbaked porcelain ware. comprisinga rotary tool adapted to-automatically change its cuttingedge and be self-sharpen .ing, a holder for the ware,

and an oscillating support for the said holder whose movement serves to determine thecur'vilin'earpath of the tool in the ware.

3. A'machine for forming curvilinear holes in unbakedporcelain ware comprising a rotary tool adapted to automatically change its cutting edge and be self sharpening, a holder for the -war -and a support relative to said the curvilinear path of the tool in the ware.

4. Amachine for forming curvilinear porcelain ware comprisholes, in unbaked ing a rotarytool adapted to' automatically change its cutting edge and be self-sharpening, a holder for the ware, and a turret for supporting sa'id'holder, saidtool and turret being relatively movable to determine ii the curvilinear path of the tool in thewarel 5. A machine for forming! curvilinear.

holes porcelain Ware comprising s rotarytool, a holderfor the'ware, -a pivoted support for said holder, and means for shifting the pivot bearing transversely to the pivotal axis and relativeto said tool.

-6.- A -machine for forming curvilinear holes in porcelain ware comprising a rotary tool, a holder'for said ware, a support for said holder, and means for determnin'g intermittent rotation of said support and for shifting the axis of rotation relative to said tool. p v

7. A machine for formingcurvilinear holes in porcelain ware comprising a rotary tool, a holder for the ware, a pivotal sup port for said holder mounted o l-transverse guides, and means whereby the extent of pivotal movement of said support is determined hy its position on said guides.

8. A machine for forming porcelain ware comprising a rotary tool, a way-plate having stop projections, 11 platen mounted on said way-plate, and a turret pivoted in said platen and provided with stop projections adapted to engage the stops on the wayplate according to the position of said platen.

9. A self-sharpening routing tool for drilling in unbaked porcelain ware comprising a rotary spindle and a circular disk freely journaled centrally of one end thereof on a transverse axis and adapted to automatically change its cutting. edge. I

10. A self-sharpening routing drill for unbaked porcelain comprising a suitable rotary spindle and a thln metal disk freely journaled thereon about a transverse axis adapted to rotate about a diameter and t3 automatically change its cutting edge.

11.1A self-sharpening routing tool for curvilinear drilling in unbaked porcelain comprising a rotary spindle and a disk of thinsheet steel freely journaled at one end thereof about an axis transverse to the axis of rotation of said spindle.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set vmy hand this 4th day of March, 1908.

EDWARD M HEWLETT.

' Witnesses: r a

BENJAMINB. HULL, HnnsN Onrono. 

